![]() The field of pulmonary medicine has rapidly evolved over the last decades, with increasing knowledge about pathophysiology and aetiology leading to better targeted treatment strategies. Furthermore, recommendations for future research to pave the way for clinical implementation of eNose technology are provided. This review summarises the technical aspects of available eNose devices and the available evidence for clinical application of eNose technology in different lung diseases. These studies are needed before implementation in clinical practice can be realised. Moreover, many pilot studies have been performed, while validation and implementation studies are scarce. Heterogeneity in study design, analysis techniques, and differences between eNose devices currently hamper generalization and comparison of study results. To date, multiple eNoses have been developed and evaluated in clinical studies across a wide spectrum of lung diseases, mainly for diagnostic purposes. This technique has great potential to be used in clinical practice as a real-time non-invasive diagnostic tool, and for monitoring disease course and therapeutic effects. ![]() The analysis of exhaled breath using electronic nose (eNose) technology has gained increasing attention in the past years. ![]() Exhaled breath reflects inflammatory and metabolic processes in the human body, especially in the lungs. ![]() There is a need for timely, accurate diagnosis, and personalised management in lung diseases. ![]()
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